AI subject tested: Claude Sonnet 4.6 (web search on)
Question (paraphrased): Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 and PRIN 2A, and did FSMA 2023 have any role in creating it?
AI response:
"The Consumer Duty was introduced by FCA rules, not by an Act of Parliament. The legal basis is the FCA's statutory rule-making power under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000)."
Regulator verbatim text:
"FSMA 2023 did not create the Consumer Duty."
Failure mode: misstated_rule
Substrate document: R2-REGULATION-PS22_9_full_policy_statement.pdf
This finding documents a confirmed hallucination by Claude Sonnet 4.6 (web search on) on a probe of the regulation. The model's response was tested against the regulator's verbatim primary text and classified as misstated_rule. Full per-finding context is available via the linked Citation ID.
Each finding has a stable Citation ID (RLB-F-… for aggregated case-study findings, RLB-H-… for raw per-model hallucinations) — like a DOI, the ID always resolves to the canonical finding even if URLs change.
RegLeg Specialist Panel (2026). "Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 an — AI Labs." Citation ID: RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46. RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research, published 2026-06-07. https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/whitepaper/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/
RegLeg Specialist Panel. (2026). Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 an [Hallucination finding RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46]. RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research. https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/whitepaper/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/
RegLeg Specialist Panel, Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 an [RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46], RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research (June 07, 2026), https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/whitepaper/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/.
@misc{reglegbrief_RLB_H_GB_FCA_CONSUMER_DUTY_PS22_9_Q002_Sonnet46,
author = {RegLeg Specialist Panel},
title = {Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 an},
year = {2026},
publisher = {RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research},
note = {Hallucination finding Citation ID: RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46},
url = {https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/whitepaper/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/}
}
Every finding on this page compares an AI subject's account of the rule against the regulator's verbatim text from the regulator's own portal. Both are linked. Each delta, its root causes, and impact analysis are documented and published with immutable Citation IDs.