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Retail Banking × Legal — United Kingdom · published 2026-05-26 · methodology v2.1

AI Hallucinations Affecting Legal at Retail Banking Firms in the United Kingdom

Findings — impact summary

This is the consolidated view of findings. Click 'see details →' on any item for the full details for each finding.

  1. Finding 1. Legal basis of the Consumer Duty — FSMA 2023 disclaimerRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002

    A Legal team at a UK Retail Banking firm that relies on an AI account of the Consumer Duty's legal basis — without the explicit clarification that FSMA 2023 did not create the Duty — risks embedding a structurally incorrect legislative narrative into internal guidance, board papers, and responses to FCA information requests. If the firm characterises its Consumer Duty obligations by reference to the wrong legislative source, the FCA may treat this as a governance failure, and any remediation programme required to correct downstream documentation carries direct operational cost and management distraction at a time when Consumer Duty oversight remains a live supervisory priority.

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  2. Finding 2. Retail customer definition — charity threshold and sourcebook variationRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q005

    The retail customer definition under PRIN 2A determines whether the Consumer Duty applies to a given counterparty — and an incorrect threshold (annual income rather than annual turnover, or no threshold at all) applied to the charity population could cause a UK Retail Banking firm to either over-scope its Consumer Duty monitoring (adding unnecessary compliance cost) or under-scope it (leaving out-of-scope charities uncovered and creating regulatory exposure). The omission of the sourcebook-variation qualifier compounds the risk: a firm that treats the PRIN 2A definition as universal across all FCA sourcebooks may apply the wrong standard in product-specific regulatory mapping, and the FCA has made clear that firms are expected to understand their obligations at this level of precision.

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  3. Finding 3. Changes from CP21/36 consultation to PS22/9 final rulesRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q017

    A Legal team that uses an AI summary of the differences between the CP21/36 consultation draft and the PS22/9 final rules as the basis for internal training, policy documentation, or regulatory mapping risks building firm processes around provisions that may no longer exist in the form described, or framing the Duty's requirements around draft-stage wording that was subsequently revised. If the firm's Consumer Duty implementation framework is later reviewed by the FCA and found to reflect the consultation rather than the final rules, the firm faces remediation costs, potential enforcement action under PRIN 2A, and reputational harm — particularly as the FCA has indicated it will scrutinise the robustness of firms' Consumer Duty governance arrangements.

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