AI Hallucination ResearchAudiencesSectorsUnited KingdomGeneral Insurance › Compliance
General Insurance × Compliance — United Kingdom · published 2026-05-26 · methodology v2.1

AI Hallucinations Affecting Compliance at General Insurance Firms in the United Kingdom

Findings — impact summary

This is the consolidated view of findings. Click 'see details →' on any item for the full details for each finding.

  1. Finding 1. Harm-avoidance standard: the "reasonably believes" qualifierRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q003

    A General Insurance firm that builds its Consumer Duty harm-avoidance policy or internal training on the AI's multi-condition formulation will set a standard that is stricter and differently structured than the FCA's actual rule. When the firm's approach is reviewed — through a supervisory visit, a section 166 skilled-person review, or an internal audit — the mismatch between the firm's documented standard and the FCA's text will require remediation, potentially including retrospective review of customer outcomes assessed against the wrong benchmark. Where senior managers have approved governance documents based on the AI's formulation, there is also an SMCR accountability dimension if the error contributed to poor customer outcomes.

    see details →
  2. Finding 2. Withdrawal of pre-Consumer Duty Dear CEO letters: count and timingRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q013

    A General Insurance Compliance team relying on AI-generated answers about the FCA's supervisory letter landscape will either carry forward fabricated withdrawal dates into regulatory briefings and board reporting, or will report to leadership that no reliable information is available — both of which undermine the firm's ability to maintain an accurate map of live supervisory expectations. Boards and senior managers making decisions about Consumer Duty programme scope and resource allocation on the basis of incorrect or incomplete supervisory intelligence face regulatory risk if their programme fails to reflect obligations that remain in force, or invests resource in monitoring letters that have already been withdrawn.

    see details →
  3. Finding 3. Consumer Duty scope: reinsurance, group insurance, and large-risk commercial contractsRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q018

    A General Insurance firm that accepts the AI's assertion that Consumer Duty applies to group insurance distribution where retail beneficiaries are involved may build an unnecessary and resource-intensive Consumer Duty compliance programme around distribution arrangements that PS22/9 explicitly excludes from scope. Alternatively, if the error creates confusion about where the exclusion sits, it may lead to inconsistent application of the Duty across the firm's product range. Either outcome imposes direct operational cost and governance complexity, and a firm that cannot demonstrate a coherent and accurate Consumer Duty scope determination to the FCA faces heightened scrutiny during any supervisory engagement.

    see details →
  4. Finding 4. Live supervisory expectations: which Dear CEO letters remain in forceRLB-F-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q020

    If a General Insurance firm's regulatory intelligence function or Compliance team uses AI-generated output to determine which Dear CEO letters remain live, it risks either treating withdrawn letters as still carrying supervisory weight — misallocating monitoring and reporting resource — or, where the AI disclaims knowledge entirely, leaving the firm without a reliable picture of current FCA expectations at all. For firms managing Consumer Duty implementation programmes, an inaccurate understanding of which legacy supervisory letters have been retired can distort gap analyses, board risk assessments, and the firm's overall Consumer Duty governance narrative in ways that become visible and costly to correct during FCA engagement.

    see details →
← Other sector case studies in United Kingdom The detailed Case study →