AI Hallucination ResearchFindings by audienceSectorsInternational / MultilateralInvestment BankingRiskDetail › Finding
Investment Banking × Risk — International / Multilateral · Last updated 11 Jun 2026 · Hallucination Register
Share / Print X LinkedIn Email

Finding#2, KC3 and KC4 requirements merged into wrong minimum floor formula

RLB Citation ID: RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003
AI's failure:Exposed Fabrication Risk for Investment Banking × Risk:Regulatory enforcement
What the RLB Specialist Panel found
For Claude Opus 4.7 (web search on)
Question (paraphrased to protect IP)

A head of liquidity risk at a major derivatives CCP wants a briefing covering the PFMI Principle 15 requirements for liquid net assets funded by equity, the minimum level, how it is calculated, and what qualifies, together with what the November 2025 CPMI-IOSCO assessment found about FMI compliance with this standard, and what changes the FIA and ISDA proposed in their response to the associated CPMI-IOSCO consultation.

RLB's analysis

The model located the correct quantitative threshold but attributed it to Key Consideration 2 instead of Key Consideration 3. The error is a cross-reference mis-assignment, the model's description of KC2's function ("potential general business losses") is drawn from the correct Key Consideration, but when it located the six-month floor it attached it to the wrong KC number. For a compliance team using this response to draft internal policy, the mis-assignment directs them to review and cite the wrong provision of the PFMI framework, with material consequences for regulatory engagement accuracy.

The model also cited a third-party regulatory commentary source as a basis for this section of its response.

AI Head's analysis — what weakness in the AI model caused this

This failure implicates the model's cross-reference resolution within the PFMI Principle 15 Key Consideration list: the correct threshold was located but attributed to KC2 instead of KC3. The subsystem gap is structured-document KC-number-to-provision linkage in training data — the model's Annex A representation does not reliably bind specific quantitative requirements to their correct KC identifier. The Pretextual citation (third-party commentary) used as a sourcing basis for this section of the response compounds the error.

Cited source(s)
  • https://www.regulationtomorrow.com/2025/11/cpmi-iosco-papers-on-management-of..., Pretextual
For Claude Sonnet 4.6 (web search on)
Question (paraphrased to protect IP)

A head of liquidity risk at a major derivatives CCP wants a briefing covering the PFMI Principle 15 requirements for liquid net assets funded by equity, the minimum level, how it is calculated, and what qualifies, together with what the November 2025 CPMI-IOSCO assessment found about FMI compliance with this standard, and what changes the FIA and ISDA proposed in their response to the associated CPMI-IOSCO consultation.

RLB's analysis

The model located the correct quantitative threshold but attributed it to Key Consideration 2 instead of Key Consideration 3. The error is a cross-reference mis-assignment, the model's description of KC2's function ("potential general business losses") is drawn from the correct Key Consideration, but when it located the six-month floor it attached it to the wrong KC number. For a compliance team using this response to draft internal policy, the mis-assignment directs them to review and cite the wrong provision of the PFMI framework, with material consequences for regulatory engagement accuracy.

The model also cited a third-party regulatory commentary source as a basis for this section of its response.

AI Head's analysis — what weakness in the AI model caused this

This failure implicates the model's cross-reference resolution within the PFMI Principle 15 Key Consideration list: the correct threshold was located but attributed to KC2 instead of KC3. The subsystem gap is structured-document KC-number-to-provision linkage in training data — the model's Annex A representation does not reliably bind specific quantitative requirements to their correct KC identifier. The Pretextual citation (third-party commentary) used as a sourcing basis for this section of the response compounds the error.

Cited source(s)
  • https://www.regulationtomorrow.com/2025/11/cpmi-iosco-papers-on-management-of..., Pretextual
Impact for Risk Teams in Investment Banking Sector in international jurisdictions working with the Implementation Monitoring of the PFMI: Level 3 Assessment on General Business Risks

An AI tool asked to brief a regulatory submission on Principle 15's minimum LNAFE requirement stated the floor as the greater of six months of operating expenses or the wind-down plan funding amount, attributing a composite KC3+KC4 formula to KC3 alone. The correct KC3 minimum is the six-month operating expense floor only; the wind-down plan funding requirement sits separately in KC4.

A Risk team that builds its CCP assessment model or internal capital policy on this miscalibrated formula is working with an inflated and misattributed minimum, which corrupts both the compliance assessment and any regulatory dialogue about where a CCP stands relative to the standard. With CPMI-IOSCO actively following up on November 2025 Level 3 findings, a firm that cannot articulate the correct KC structure in a supervisory exchange faces credibility and enforcement risk.

References — raw findings (per AI model)
This finding also affects
← Previous finding Finding#1, Basel capital carve-out inverted in LNAFE calculation
Cite this finding

Each finding has a stable Citation ID (RLB-F-… for aggregated case-study findings, RLB-H-… for raw per-model hallucinations) — like a DOI, the ID always resolves to the canonical finding even if URLs change.

RLB Citation ID: RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003
Plain text Download
RegLeg Specialist Panel (2026). "Finding#2, KC3 and KC4 requirements merged into wrong minimum floor formula — Investment Banking × Risk — International / Multilateral." Citation ID: RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003. RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research, published 2026-06-11. https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j1/INT/BIS-CPMI/CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025/sectors/investment_banking/risk/finding/INT-BIS-CPMI-INT-001-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-v1-003/
APA 7th edition Download
RegLeg Specialist Panel. (2026). Finding#2, KC3 and KC4 requirements merged into wrong minimum floor formula [Hallucination finding RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003]. RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research. https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j1/INT/BIS-CPMI/CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025/sectors/investment_banking/risk/finding/INT-BIS-CPMI-INT-001-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-v1-003/
Bluebook / OSCOLA (US + UK legal) Download
RegLeg Specialist Panel, Finding#2, KC3 and KC4 requirements merged into wrong minimum floor formula [RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003], RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research (June 11, 2026), https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j1/INT/BIS-CPMI/CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025/sectors/investment_banking/risk/finding/INT-BIS-CPMI-INT-001-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-v1-003/.
BibTeX Download
@misc{reglegbrief_RLB_F_INT_BIS_CPMI_IOSCO_PFMI_L3_GENERAL_BUSINESS_RISK_2025_Q003,
  author    = {RegLeg Specialist Panel},
  title     = {Finding#2, KC3 and KC4 requirements merged into wrong minimum floor formula},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {RegLegBrief AI Hallucination Research},
  note      = {Hallucination finding Citation ID: RLB-F-INT-BIS-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-Q003},
  url       = {https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j1/INT/BIS-CPMI/CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025/sectors/investment_banking/risk/finding/INT-BIS-CPMI-INT-001-CPMI-IOSCO-PFMI-L3-GENERAL-BUSINESS-RISK-2025-v1-003/}
}
← Back to case study summary Case study detail →

Every finding on this page compares an AI subject's account of the rule against the regulator's verbatim text from the regulator's own portal. Both are linked. Each delta, its root causes, and impact analysis are documented and published with immutable Citation IDs.