---
type: "AIHallucinationFinding"
title: "Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal…"
citation_id: "RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46"
finding_uid: "GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch"
question_uid: "GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002"
regulation_id: "GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9"
regulation_slug: "CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9"
regulation_title: "Consumer Duty (PS22/9 + PRIN 2A), Financial Conduct Authority"
regulator_short_code: "FCA"
regulatory_body_id: "FCA-GB-001"
jurisdiction_code: "GB"
j_level: "J3"
ai_subject: "claude-sonnet-4-6"
ai_subject_display: "Claude Sonnet 4.6 (web search on)"
ai_subject_version: "sonnet-46-websearch"
response_failure_mode: "misstated_rule"
substrate_document_name: "R2-REGULATION-PS22_9_full_policy_statement.pdf"
substrate_document_path: "https://reglegbrief.com/substrate/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/_raw_manual_substrate/R2-REGULATION-PS22_9_full_policy_statement.pdf"
substrate_section_anchor: "PS22/9 — Attribution: Consumer Duty source legislation"
citation_issue_types: ["Pretextual"]
audiences: ["ai_labs", "practitioners", "sector_dept"]
published_at: "2026-05-26T09:40:51.259855+00:00"
substrate_version: 1
methodology_version: "2.1"
license: "CC-BY-4.0"
resource: "https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/gb/fca/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/ai-labs/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/"
tags: ["ai-hallucination", "misstated_rule", "fca", "consumer-duty-ps22-9", "gb"]
timestamp: "2026-06-16T00:00:00+00:00"
---

# AI Hallucination Finding: Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal…

- **Citation ID.** `RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46`
- **Finding UID.** `GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch`
- **Regulation.** [`CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9`](/okf/regulations/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9.md) — Consumer Duty (PS22/9 + PRIN 2A), Financial Conduct Authority
- **Regulator.** [`FCA-GB-001`](/okf/bodies/FCA-GB-001.md) — Financial Conduct Authority
- **AI subject.** Claude Sonnet 4.6 (web search on)
- **Failure mode.** [`misstated_rule`](/okf/taxonomy/failure-modes.md)
- **Published.** 2026-05-26T09:40:51.259855+00:00

## Question put to the AI subject

Was the Consumer Duty created through primary legislation or FCA rulemaking? What is the legal basis for Principle 12 and PRIN 2A, and did FSMA 2023 have any role in creating it?

## AI subject's verbatim answer

The Consumer Duty was introduced by FCA rules, not by an Act of Parliament. The legal basis is the FCA's statutory rule-making power under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000).

## Verbatim regulator text contradicting the answer

> FSMA 2023 did not create the Consumer Duty.

_Source:_ [R2-REGULATION-PS22_9_full_policy_statement.pdf](https://reglegbrief.com/substrate/GB/FCA/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/_raw_manual_substrate/R2-REGULATION-PS22_9_full_policy_statement.pdf)
_Section anchor:_ PS22/9 — Attribution: Consumer Duty source legislation

## Failure mode

**`misstated_rule`** — Misstated rule — the AI gave a definite rule, threshold, or obligation that the regulator's verbatim text does not support.

## Citation-issue types

- **Pretextual** — <https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/policy/ps22-9.pdf>
- **Pretextual** — <https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/instrument/2022/FCA_2022_31.pdf>
- **Pretextual** — <https://www.akingump.com/en/insights/alerts/new-fca-principle-12-consumer-duty>

## Related concepts

- Regulation: [CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9](/okf/regulations/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9.md)
- Regulator: [FCA-GB-001](/okf/bodies/FCA-GB-001.md)
- Failure-mode taxonomy: [misstated_rule](/okf/taxonomy/failure-modes.md)
- Methodology: [v2.3](/okf/methodology.md)
- Editorial standards: [right of reply](/okf/editorial-standards.md)

## Reproduction

Citation ID: `RLB-H-GB-FCA-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-Q002-Sonnet46`

Resource URL (HTML view of this finding):

<https://reglegbrief.com/regulators/j3/gb/fca/CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9/ai-labs/finding/GB-FCA-GB-001-CONSUMER-DUTY-PS22-9-v1-002--sonnet-46-websearch/>

This finding is reproducible against the substrate document linked above, using the same AI subject, the same methodology version, and the verbatim question text.